tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1892134081049774386.post271236437798112929..comments2023-12-02T09:37:08.472-05:00Comments on Autism Jabberwocky: Oxytocin and the autism anti-treatment movementM.J.http://www.blogger.com/profile/12033918835169823548noreply@blogger.comBlogger3125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1892134081049774386.post-85266385707192908882010-03-10T19:47:39.222-05:002010-03-10T19:47:39.222-05:00Hi Maria,
I did miss those two, thanks for the po...Hi Maria,<br /><br />I did miss those two, thanks for the pointers. I will have to take a look at them. Thanks.M.J.https://www.blogger.com/profile/12033918835169823548noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1892134081049774386.post-29202297750042808552010-03-10T06:09:34.399-05:002010-03-10T06:09:34.399-05:00and
J Neuroendocrinol. 2010 Feb 20. [Epub ahead o...and <br />J Neuroendocrinol. 2010 Feb 20. [Epub ahead of print]<br /><br />Performance, properties, and plasticity of identified oxytocin and vasopressin neurones in vitro.<br />Armstrong WE, Wang L, Li C, Teruyama R.<br /><br />Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.<br /><br />Abstract The neurohypophysial hormones oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (VP) originate from hypothalamic neurosecretory cells in the paraventricular and supraoptic (SON) nuclei. The firing rate and pattern of action potentials arising from these neurones determine the timing and quantity of peripheral hormone release. We have used immunochemical identification of biocytin-filled SON neurones in hypothalamic slices in vitro to uncover differences between OT and VP neurones in membrane and synaptic properties, firing patterns, and plasticity during pregnancy and lactation. In this review we summarise some recent findings from this approach: 1) VP neuronal excitability is influenced by slow (sDAP) and fast (fDAP) depolarising afterpotentials that underlie phasic bursting activity. The fDAP may relate to a transient receptor potential (TRP) channel, type melastatin (TRPM4 and/or TRPM5), both of which are immunochemically localised more to VP neurones, and especially, to their dendrites. Both TRPM4 and TRPM5 mRNAs are found in the SON, but single cell RT-PCR suggestsTRPM4 might be the more prominent channel. Phasic bursting in VP neurones is little influenced by spontaneous synaptic activity in slices, being shaped largely by intrinsic currents. 2) The firing pattern of OT neurones ranges from irregular to continuous, with the coefficient of variation determined by randomly distributed, spontaneous GABAergic, inhibitory synaptic currents (sIPSCs). These sIPSCs are 4-5 fold more frequent in OT vs. VP neurones, and much more frequent than spontaneous excitatory synaptic currents. 3) Both cell types express Ca(++)-dependent afterhyperpolarisations (AHPs), including an apamin-sensitive, medium duration AHP and a slower, apamin-insensitive AHP (sAHP). In OT neurones, both AHPs are enhanced during pregnancy and lactation. During pregnancy, the plasticity of the sAHP is blocked by antagonism of central OT receptors. AHP enhancement is mimicked by exposing slices from Day 19 pregnant rats to OT and oestradiol, suggesting central OT and sex steroids program this plasticity during pregnancy by direct hypothalamic actions. In conclusion, the differences in VP and OT neuronal function are underlain by differences in both membrane and synaptic properties, and differentially modulated by reproductive state.<br /><br />Please look at this<br /><b>The firing pattern of OT neurones ranges from irregular to continuous, with the coefficient of variation determined by randomly distributed, spontaneous GABAergic, inhibitory synaptic currents (sIPSCs). </b>María Lujánhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/05619003228550909446noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1892134081049774386.post-57021588162565689802010-03-10T06:04:30.451-05:002010-03-10T06:04:30.451-05:00I did not see this in your list
Nature. 2010 Feb 2...I did not see this in your list<br />Nature. 2010 Feb 24. <br /><br />An intrinsic vasopressin system in the olfactory bulb is involved in social recognition.<br />Tobin VA, Hashimoto H, Wacker DW, Takayanagi Y, Langnaese K, Caquineau C, Noack J, Landgraf R, Onaka T, Leng G, Meddle SL, Engelmann M, Ludwig M.<br /><br />[1] Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK [2] These authors contributed equally to this work.<br /><br />Many peptides, when released as chemical messengers within the brain, have powerful influences on complex behaviours. Most strikingly, vasopressin and oxytocin, once thought of as circulating hormones whose actions were confined to peripheral organs, are now known to be released in the brain, where they have fundamentally important roles in social behaviours. In humans, disruptions of these peptide systems have been linked to several neurobehavioural disorders, including Prader-Willi syndrome, affective disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder, and polymorphisms of V1a vasopressin receptor have been linked to autism. Here we report that the rat olfactory bulb contains a large population of interneurons which express vasopressin, that blocking the actions of vasopressin in the olfactory bulb impairs the social recognition abilities of rats and that vasopressin agonists and antagonists can modulate the processing of information by olfactory bulb neurons. The findings indicate that social information is processed in part by a vasopressin system intrinsic to the olfactory system.<br /><br />I wonder about how the olfactory system , affected in autism in the context of sensorial disorder at an individual level , is not also involved.María Lujánhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/05619003228550909446noreply@blogger.com